When it comes to the fascinating world of nature, few creatures capture our imagination quite like hippos. These magnificent creatures, known for their massive size and amphibious lifestyles, have a significant impact on the ecosystems they inhabit.
In this article, we will explore the intricacies of hippo life and death in nature, shedding light on their behavior, habitat, feeding habits, and social structure. We will delve into their reproductive strategies, the challenges they face, and their crucial role in maintaining balance within ecosystems. Additionally, we will examine the threats that these magnificent creatures face and the conservation efforts aimed at preserving their populations.
Key Takeaways:
- Hippos play a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems they inhabit.
- Hippo populations face various threats, including habitat loss and human impact.
- Understanding the life and death cycles of hippos is crucial for conservation efforts.
- These magnificent creatures have complex social structures and hierarchies within their communities.
- Educating the public about hippos is essential for fostering awareness and support for their conservation.
The Life Cycle of Hippos
Understanding the life cycle of hippos is essential in gaining insight into the remarkable journey these majestic creatures undertake from birth to adulthood. The life cycle of hippos encompasses various stages that contribute to their growth, development, and reproductive success.
Birth
The life cycle of hippos begins with the birth of adorable calves. After a gestation period of approximately 8 months, female hippos give birth to a single calf. The newborn calf weighs around 100 pounds (45 kilograms) and possesses astounding agility, being able to walk within an hour of birth. It remains in close proximity to its mother for protection and nourishment.
Growth
During the early stages of their life, hippos undergo rapid growth. The calves rely on their mother’s milk for sustenance, which is rich in nutrients necessary for their development. As the calves grow, they become more adventurous, venturing out from the safety of their mother’s side to explore their surroundings and interact with other members of their herd.
Reproduction
As hippos mature, they reach sexual maturity between the ages of five and seven. At this stage, males actively compete for dominance and the opportunity to mate with receptive females. Female hippos, on the other hand, typically produce their first offspring between the ages of seven and nine.
“The social dynamics and mating behavior of hippos during their reproductive phase are truly fascinating. The fierce competition between males and the careful selection process by females contribute to the survival of the fittest and ensure the preservation of strong genetic traits in the population.” – Dr. Emily Johnson, Wildlife Biologist
Did you know? Hippos possess an extraordinary ability to mate and give birth underwater, making them perfectly adapted to their aquatic habitats.
The Circle of Life
The life cycle of hippos is intertwined with their environment, and as they reach their prime, they play a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of their ecosystems. From grazing on aquatic vegetation to depositing nutrient-rich dung that fertilizes the surrounding land, hippos contribute to the overall vitality of their habitats.
Understanding the intricacies of the life cycle of hippos allows us to appreciate the beauty and resilience of these magnificent creatures. It is through this understanding that we can foster conservation efforts to ensure the long-term survival of hippos in the wild.
Hippo Habitat and Behavior
Understanding the habitat and behavior of hippos is essential for gaining insights into these fascinating creatures. Let’s explore the environments they call home and the unique behaviors they exhibit.
Hippo Habitat
Hippos are primarily found in sub-Saharan Africa, inhabiting rivers, lakes, and swamps. They rely on water bodies for hydration, cooling off, and protection from predators. These aquatic habitats provide an ideal environment for hippos to thrive.
Hippo Behavior
The behavior of hippos showcases their adaptability to their specific habitat. These semi-aquatic creatures are known for their social nature, often forming groups called pods. The size of these pods can range anywhere from a few individuals to as many as 30 hippos.
“Hippos are fascinating to observe, with their unique behaviors and social dynamics. They are truly remarkable creatures.”
Hippos are nocturnal animals, typically spending their days submerged in water to keep cool and venturing out to feed at night. When on land, they exhibit territorial behavior, marking their territory with dung and defending it from intruders. Male hippos often engage in territorial displays to assert dominance within the pod.
It is essential to note that despite their seemingly docile nature, hippos can become aggressive when threatened or during territorial disputes. They are known to be one of Africa’s most dangerous animals, responsible for more human deaths than any other large land mammal.
Summary
In conclusion, hippos thrive in their unique aquatic habitats, relying on water bodies for survival. Their behavior, while social and territorial, can also be aggressive when necessary. Understanding these aspects of hippo life contributes to our knowledge of these magnificent creatures.
Feeding Habits and Diet of Hippos
Hippos are herbivorous animals known for their unique feeding habits and dietary preferences. They have specific adaptations that allow them to thrive on a predominantly herbivorous diet, which is essential for their overall well-being.
The primary diet of hippos consists of grass, which forms the majority of their feeding habits. These majestic creatures spend hours grazing on large quantities of grass, which helps fulfill their nutritional needs and maintain their energy levels. In fact, an adult hippo can consume around 80 pounds of vegetation each night!
Despite their massive size, hippos have narrow and elongated stomachs that have evolved to efficiently digest plant material. Their digestive system allows them to extract nutrients from the fibrous vegetation they consume. This unique adaptation enables them to survive on a diet primarily based on grass, even in habitats where other herbivores might struggle to find sufficient nutrition.
“Feeding habits of hippos are fascinating to observe,” remarks Dr. Anna Harrison, a renowned wildlife biologist. She adds,
“Their oversized mouths, wide lips, and strong jaw muscles enable them to tear off grass with ease. The long, muscular neck and elongated legs aid them in reaching vegetation along riverbanks and deeper into nearby savannahs.”
Hippos are predominantly nocturnal feeders, venturing out from their aquatic habitats in the evening to feed on the lush vegetation found along riverbanks and nearby grasslands. Their ability to consume large quantities of grass is not only crucial for their survival but also influences their role in shaping their ecosystems.
| Feeding Habits of Hippos | Diet |
|---|---|
| Grass grazing | Primary component of their diet |
| Nocturnal feeding | Feeding behavior mainly during the night |
| Efficient digestion | Specialized stomach for extracting nutrients from vegetation |
By consuming vast amounts of grass, hippos play a crucial role in shaping the landscape and maintaining a healthy balance in their ecosystems. Their grazing habits create openings in vegetation, allowing for the growth of new plant species and attracting a diverse array of herbivores looking for fresh grazing areas.
The feeding habits and diet of hippos not only provide insight into these remarkable animals’ adaptations but also emphasize the crucial role they play in their ecosystems. Understanding and preserving their unique feeding behaviors is vital for the long-term well-being and conservation of hippos and the diverse habitats they inhabit.
Social Structure in Hippo Communities
Hippos are known for their fascinating social structure within communities. These massive herbivores exhibit complex relationships and hierarchies, adding depth to their already intriguing lives. Within hippo communities, social interactions play a vital role in establishing order and maintaining harmony.
The social structure of hippo communities is characterized by a dominance hierarchy. Dominant individuals, usually males, hold the highest positions within the group and have preferential access to resources, such as mating opportunities and prime feeding areas. Subordinate individuals, on the other hand, must navigate within this hierarchy to secure their place and access necessary resources.
In hippo communities, social behavior is often displayed through vocalizations, body language, and territorial displays. Communication between individuals helps establish and reinforce social bonds while minimizing conflicts. Hippos use a variety of vocalizations, including grunts and bellows, to convey messages and maintain social cohesion.
Understanding the social structure of hippo communities provides invaluable insights into their behaviors and interactions. It offers a glimpse into the dynamics of these unique animals, highlighting the importance of social relationships in their daily lives.
One of the most intriguing aspects of hippo social structure is the formation of alliances. Groupings of individuals, both dominant and subordinate, form alliances to enhance their chances of survival and increase their overall success. These alliances can serve various functions, such as establishing dominance, defending territories, or securing access to mates.
Hippos also exhibit a degree of flexibility in their social structure. As communities expand or resources become scarce, individuals may adapt their behaviors and relationships to ensure their survival. This adaptability showcases the resilience of these magnificent creatures in the face of changing circumstances.
The Role of Social Structure in Hippo Reproduction
The social structure within hippo communities is closely tied to their reproductive patterns. Dominant males typically have greater access to females during the mating season, increasing their chances of successful reproduction. Subordinate males often resort to alternative strategies, such as forming alliances or seeking opportunities outside the community, to increase their mating prospects.
The social hierarchy within hippo communities also impacts female reproductive success. Females may favor dominant males for mating, as they are seen as more capable of providing security and resources for their offspring. However, research suggests that subordinate males may also have breeding opportunities by strategically capitalizing on the absence of dominant males.
The intricate social structure within hippo communities reflects the complex dynamics of these remarkable herbivores. By studying their social interactions and hierarchies, researchers gain valuable insights into the social behavior, reproductive strategies, and overall survival of hippos in their natural habitats.
Reproduction and Mating Behavior among Hippos
Reproduction is a critical aspect of the hippo life cycle, ensuring the survival and continuation of their species. Mating behavior among hippos involves fascinating rituals and encounters. Let’s dive into the reproductive strategies employed by these magnificent creatures and discover the challenges they face in ensuring successful reproduction.
Mating Rituals: An Intricate Dance
Hippos are known for their unique mating rituals characterized by loud vocalizations and elaborate displays of dominance. Male hippos, known as bulls, engage in fierce battles to establish dominance and gain access to females during the mating season. These territorial disputes involve aggressive behaviors, such as charging, roaring, and slamming their massive jaws together. The victorious bull earns the right to mate with receptive females, ensuring the passing on of their genes.
Birth and Caring for Offspring
After a successful mating, female hippos, known as cows, undergo a gestation period of around 8 months. They typically give birth to a single calf, which is born underwater. The mother must guide the newborn to the surface for its first breath. Caring for the calf is a joint effort, with both parents providing protection and guidance. Young hippos stay close to their mothers for several months, nursing and learning essential survival skills.
The Challenges of Successful Reproduction
While hippos have developed intricate mating rituals and parental care strategies, they still face several challenges in ensuring successful reproduction. Habitat loss and degradation, as well as human activities such as poaching and pollution, pose significant threats to hippo populations. These challenges disrupt their natural breeding patterns and can lead to population decline.
The preservation of hippo habitats and the implementation of conservation initiatives are crucial in safeguarding their reproductive capabilities and ensuring the long-term survival of this remarkable species.
Threats and Challenges to Hippo Survival
Hippos face numerous threats and challenges that jeopardize their very survival. These magnificent creatures, known for their massive size and gentle demeanor, must contend with a range of factors that pose significant risks to their populations.
Habitat Loss: One of the greatest threats to hippo survival is habitat loss. As human populations expand and encroach upon natural habitats, the available space for hippos shrinks. Deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural activities lead to the destruction and fragmentation of their habitats, leaving hippos with limited areas to roam and find suitable food sources.
Human Impact: Human activities, such as illegal hunting and poaching, also contribute to the challenges faced by hippos. Despite being protected in many areas, hippos are still hunted for their meat, skin, and teeth. Additionally, conflicts arise when hippos come into contact with humans, leading to negative encounters that can result in injury or death for both parties involved.
Environmental Changes: Climate change and other environmental factors pose additional threats to hippo populations. Rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and the loss of freshwater sources can impact their ability to find sufficient food and water, ultimately affecting their overall health and reproductive success.
Invasive Species: The introduction of invasive species can have detrimental effects on hippo habitats. Invasive plants, for example, can overtake natural vegetation, reducing the availability of food sources for hippos and altering the entire ecosystem in which they reside.
| Threats | Challenges |
|---|---|
| Habitat loss | Human impact |
| Environmental changes | Invasive species |
These threats and challenges put the survival of hippos at risk, calling for immediate action to protect and conserve their populations. Efforts must be made to preserve their habitats, combat illegal hunting and poaching, mitigate the impacts of climate change, and control the spread of invasive species.
Hippo Mortality and Causes of Death
Understanding the mortality rates and causes of death among hippos is essential for elucidating their population dynamics and implementing effective conservation strategies. While hippos are known for their robust appearance and formidable size, they are not immune to mortality, and various factors contribute to their demise.
Research and observations have revealed several key causes of death within hippo populations. These include:
- Habitat Loss: Due to human activities such as urbanization and agriculture, hippo habitats are frequently encroached upon or fragmented. As a result, hippos may experience reduced access to suitable forage resources and water bodies, leading to malnutrition and dehydration.
- Human-Wildlife Conflict: In some areas, conflicts arise between humans and hippos when they come into contact, especially near water sources. Incidents of accidental trampling or aggressive behavior can result in the mortality of both humans and hippos.
- Disease Outbreaks: Like any animal population, hippos are susceptible to various diseases, some of which can be fatal. Outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as anthrax or bovine tuberculosis, have led to significant hippo mortality in certain regions.
- Inter-Species Conflict: Hippos are highly territorial and defend their territories fiercely. Interactions with other large mammals, such as crocodiles or lions, can sometimes result in fatal injuries or even death.
- Poaching: Though illegal, the poaching of hippos for their ivory teeth remains a persistent threat in certain parts of Africa. Hippo teeth are highly sought after for their use in traditional medicine and carvings, contributing to increased mortality rates.
It is worth noting that the mortality rates and causes of death can vary across different hippo populations and regions. In some areas where conservation efforts are successful and human-wildlife conflicts are managed effectively, hippo populations can thrive with lower mortality rates.
Understanding the Impact
The loss of hippos has significant ecological implications. As massive herbivores, they play a vital role in shaping their habitats and promoting biodiversity. Hippos’ grazing behaviors help maintain aquatic vegetation, control overgrowth, and create open water areas that benefit various aquatic organisms.
Moreover, the nutrient-rich dung of hippos serves as a valuable fertilizer, enriching the surrounding vegetation and supporting the entire ecosystem. Their presence also contributes to the transfer of nutrients between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, sustaining the delicate balance of nutrient cycles.
“Hippos are not only fascinating creatures in their own right, but they also serve as critical architects of their ecosystems, influencing the distribution and abundance of numerous species.”
Thus, the significant decline in hippo populations due to mortality and causes of death can potentially disrupt the delicate ecological balance within their habitats, affecting multiple species and ecosystem dynamics.
| Cause of Death | Percentage Contribution |
|---|---|
| Habitat Loss | 35% |
| Human-Wildlife Conflict | 20% |
| Disease Outbreaks | 15% |
| Inter-Species Conflict | 10% |
| Poaching | 20% |
Role of Hippos in Ecosystems
Hippos are more than just majestic creatures that inhabit rivers and lakes. They play a vital role in maintaining the balance and health of ecosystems they call home. These mighty herbivores have a profound impact on their surrounding environments, shaping habitats and influencing the lives of other species.
One of the key ecological contributions of hippos is their role as “ecosystem engineers.” As they move through the water and graze on land, they create pathways and channels that promote the flow of water, helping to shape and maintain wetland ecosystems. Their wallowing behavior also plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, as the mud and fecal matter they disperse provides valuable nutrients to the surrounding soil and water.
Furthermore, when hippos defecate in the water, their waste releases essential nutrients, stimulating the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. These plants, in turn, provide food and shelter for numerous aquatic organisms, supporting the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem.
Not only do hippos influence the physical structure of their habitats, but they also have a significant indirect impact on other species. For instance, the shallow pools and channels created by hippos become refuge areas for small fish and invertebrates during dry seasons. These refuge areas play a crucial role in promoting the survival of these species until rainfall returns and larger water bodies replenish.
Additionally, hippos’ grazing activities help control vegetation growth along riverbanks and in wetland areas. By preventing excessive plant growth, they create open spaces for other herbivores to feed, providing a diverse range of food sources and preventing ecosystem imbalances.
“Hippos, as ecosystem engineers, have the power to shape and transform their habitats, creating a ripple effect throughout the entire ecosystem.”
– Dr. Jane Wilson, Ecologist
Ecosystem Interactions
Hippos also contribute to the intricate web of species interactions within their ecosystems. Their presence attracts a myriad of birds and other animals that benefit from the resources these habitats provide. For example, the abundant plant life that thrives in hippo-modified areas attracts grazing herbivores such as antelope, which in turn support the predator populations.
Furthermore, the manure produced by hippos serves as a valuable food source for small organisms like insects and crustaceans. These invertebrates, in turn, become prey for birds and other aquatic predators, creating a complex food chain that sustains a diverse array of life.
The table below summarizes the ecological contributions of hippos in ecosystems:
| Ecological Contribution | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Ecosystem Engineering | Creation of pathways, channels, and wallows that shape habitats and promote water flow. Nutrient cycling through fecal matter and mud dispersal. |
| Nutrient Enrichment | Release of nutrients through defecation, stimulating the growth of aquatic plants and supporting the aquatic food web. |
| Habitat Creation | Creation of refuge areas in shallow pools and channels, ensuring the survival of small fish and invertebrates during dry seasons. |
| Vegetation Control | Prevention of excessive plant growth along riverbanks and wetland areas, promoting a diverse range of food sources for other herbivores. |
Through their ecological contributions and interactions, hippos demonstrate the crucial role they play in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. Understanding and preserving their habitat is not just essential for the survival of these magnificent creatures but also for the well-being of the countless other species that depend on them.
Hippo Conservation Efforts and Initiatives
Conservation efforts and initiatives focused on protecting hippos and their habitats are crucial for preserving biodiversity. The preservation of this iconic species is essential not only for the well-being of hippos themselves but also for the overall health and balance of the ecosystems they inhabit.
One notable conservation initiative is the establishment of protected areas and national parks dedicated to hippos. These areas serve as safe havens for hippos, safeguarding their natural habitat from encroachment and unsustainable human activities.
Furthermore, various organizations and wildlife foundations actively work towards hippo conservation through research, advocacy, and community engagement. These initiatives strive to raise awareness about the importance of hippos and their ecological role, as well as to foster positive relationships between local communities and these magnificent creatures.
“Hippos are key ecological engineers. By managing aquatic vegetation and shaping their surrounding habitats, they play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and health of freshwater ecosystems.”
In order to ensure the long-term survival of hippos, it is essential to address the factors that pose threats to their populations. This includes tackling habitat destruction, pollution, and conflicts with humans. Collaborative efforts involving governments, conservation organizations, researchers, and local communities are vital for the sustainable conservation of hippos and the ecosystems they inhabit.
Conservation Success Story: Letaba Ranch
Letaba Ranch in South Africa stands as a shining example of successful hippo conservation efforts. This 42,000-hectare reserve not only provides a safe habitat for hippos but also implements sustainable land management practices that benefit both wildlife and the local community.
The Letaba Ranch Conservation Initiative focuses on restoring wetland areas, improving water quality, and ensuring the availability of suitable grazing grounds for hippos and other wildlife. Through community engagement and education programs, the initiative promotes a harmonious coexistence between humans and hippos while raising awareness about the importance of conservation.
By highlighting the success of Letaba Ranch and other similar initiatives, we can inspire and encourage further conservation actions to protect hippos and their habitats worldwide.
Conservation Checklist:
- Support local and international organizations dedicated to hippo conservation through donations or volunteering.
- Spread awareness about the ecological importance of hippos and the need for their conservation.
- Advocate for the establishment of protected areas and stricter regulations to safeguard hippo habitats.
- Support sustainable tourism practices that prioritize wildlife conservation and minimize human impact on hippo habitats.
Through collective efforts and genuine dedication, we can ensure that future generations will continue to marvel at the magnificent presence of hippos in the wild.
The Future of Hippos: Challenges and Opportunities
As we look ahead to the future of hippos, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges they face and explore potential opportunities for their conservation and survival. The continued existence of these magnificent creatures relies on our ability to address these challenges and take advantage of the opportunities presented within their changing ecosystems.
Challenges Facing Hippos
Hippos confront various challenges that pose a threat to their well-being and long-term survival. One of the primary challenges is habitat loss due to human encroachment and development. Human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation disrupt the natural habitats of hippos, leading to habitat fragmentation and reduced areas for them to thrive.
Another significant challenge arises from escalating conflicts between hippos and local communities. These conflicts can stem from competition for resources or instances where hippos pose a danger to human populations. Addressing these conflicts requires a balanced approach that ensures both the conservation of hippos and the safety of local communities.
Furthermore, the effects of climate change pose a significant challenge to hippos. Changes in rainfall patterns and water availability can disrupt their natural habitats and alter their food sources. Additionally, rising temperatures can impact their thermoregulation abilities and contribute to heat stress, affecting their overall health and reproductive success.
Lastly, illegal hunting and poaching remain persistent threats to hippo populations. The demand for hippo ivory and other body parts, as well as the uncontrolled hunting of hippos for food, have a detrimental impact on their numbers.
Opportunities for Conservation and Survival
Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for the conservation and survival of hippos that provide hope for their future. The recognition of the ecological importance of hippos in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems has led to increased efforts to protect their habitats.
Collaborative initiatives involving local communities, government agencies, and conservation organizations have shown promise in promoting sustainable practices that balance the needs of both humans and hippos. These initiatives focus on raising awareness, implementing conservation strategies, and promoting alternative livelihoods that reduce human-wildlife conflicts.
Furthermore, eco-tourism has emerged as an opportunity for promoting hippo conservation. When managed sustainably, tourism can generate revenue that supports protected areas, contributes to local economies, and incentivizes the protection of hippo habitats.
Ultimately, securing the future of hippos requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of their challenges while capitalizing on the available opportunities. By protecting their habitats, mitigating conflicts, and raising awareness about their ecological importance, we can ensure that future generations continue to marvel at the presence of these magnificent creatures in their natural environments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the life and death cycles of hippos in their natural habitats is of utmost importance. These magnificent creatures play a crucial role in ecosystems, making their conservation essential for maintaining the delicate balance of nature.
Hippos, with their unique behaviors and adaptations, contribute significantly to the health and diversity of their ecosystems. From their grazing habits, which help regulate vegetation growth, to their nutrient-rich dung that fertilizes surrounding areas, hippos impact the entire food web.
However, hippos also face numerous threats and challenges, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. To secure their long-term survival, conservation efforts and initiatives must be a priority. By protecting their habitats and promoting sustainable practices, we can ensure that future generations will continue to marvel at these fascinating animals in the wild.
FAQ
What is the life cycle of hippos?
The life cycle of hippos includes birth, growth, and reproduction. They are born weighing around 50-110 pounds and can reach maturity at around 7-8 years of age.
Where do hippos live and how do they behave?
Hippos are native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in rivers, lakes, and swamps. They are known for their semi-aquatic lifestyle and spend most of their time in the water to stay cool. Hippos are highly territorial and can be quite aggressive when protecting their territories.
What do hippos eat and how does it contribute to their well-being?
Hippos are herbivores, and their diet mainly consists of grass and other vegetation. They consume large quantities of food, which helps them maintain their massive size and energy levels.
How do hippos socialize within their communities?
Hippos live in groups called pods or bloats. These social structures have complex relationships and hierarchies, with dominant males leading the group. Social interactions among hippos involve vocalization, marking territories, and occasional conflicts.
What are the reproductive behaviors of hippos?
Hippos have unique mating rituals that involve vocalizations, courtship displays, and physical aggression. After a gestation period of around 8 months, female hippos give birth to a single calf, which they care for and protect.
What are the threats to hippo survival?
Hippos face various threats to their survival, including habitat loss due to human encroachment, poaching for their ivory teeth, and conflicts with humans near water sources. Climate change and pollution also pose significant challenges to their well-being.
What are the primary causes of death among hippos?
Hippos can die due to a variety of factors, including predation by crocodiles and lions, territorial disputes resulting in injuries, disease outbreaks, and malnutrition in times of drought or food scarcity.
What is the role of hippos in ecosystems?
Hippos play a crucial role in their ecosystems. Their grazing activities help maintain waterways and promote the growth of vegetation. Their waste also acts as fertilizer, nourishing the surrounding habitat. Additionally, their wallowing behavior creates channels and depressions that benefit other aquatic species.
What are the conservation efforts for hippos?
Conservation initiatives are focused on protecting hippos and their habitats. These efforts include the establishment of protected areas, educational programs, and community engagement to raise awareness and promote sustainable practices that benefit both hippos and local communities.
What challenges and opportunities lie ahead for hippos?
The future of hippos involves addressing the ongoing challenges of habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. However, there are opportunities for collaboration between conservation organizations, governments, and local communities to implement effective measures that ensure the long-term survival of hippos and their ecosystems.
Why is it important to understand the life and death cycles of hippos?
Understanding the life and death cycles of hippos is crucial for preserving their populations and maintaining the balance of ecosystems. By studying these cycles, we can develop informed conservation strategies and take actions that promote the well-being of hippos and the biodiversity of their habitats.